The Elements, Mechanics, Dynamics model is a simple way to understand how any system works, especially games and educational systems. It breaks down complex systems into three easy parts. This model helps students learn step by step and is widely used in educational gamification to make learning more engaging and effective.

Elements (The Parts)

Elements are the basic parts or pieces that make up a system. Think of these as building blocks. In education, elements might be points, badges, levels, and student avatars. In a learning management system, elements include course modules, discussion forums, and assignment submissions. These are the things students can see and interact with in any system.

Mechanics (The Rules)

Mechanics are the rules that control how elements work together. They tell us what happens when elements interact.

• Example: “When you complete all assignments in a module, you unlock the next level.”
• Mechanics often include three parts:
  • Input: what the student does
  • Process: what the system calculates
  • Output: the result shown to the student
• In gamified classrooms, mechanics include point systems for participation, badge requirements for achievements, and progression rules for advancing through content.

Dynamics (The Behaviors)

Dynamics are the actions and behaviors that happen when people use the system. These are the patterns you see when elements follow the mechanics.

• In educational settings, dynamics might include competition on leaderboards, collaboration in team challenges, or strategies to earn rewards efficiently.
• Dynamics reflect motivational needs:
  • Autonomy: feeling in control
  • Competence: feeling capable
  • Relatedness: feeling connected to others