1) Setup

• Players: 2
• Board 8×8. Place so each player has a white/light square on their right corner.
• Back rank (left→right for White; mirror for Black): Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen, King, Bishop, Knight, Rook.
• Queens on their color (white queen on light, black queen on dark). Pawns fill the rank in front.

2) Goal

• Checkmate the opponent’s king (king is attacked and cannot escape).

3) Piece Movement

• King: 1 square any direction. Cannot move into check.
• Queen: Any number of squares, rank/file/diagonal.
• Rook: Any number, rank/file.
• Bishop: Any number, diagonal.
• Knight: L-shape (2+1). Jumps over pieces.
• Pawn: 1 forward; from start may move 2. Captures 1 diagonally forward.

4) Special Rules

• Castling: King moves 2 toward a rook; that rook jumps next to the king.
  • Allowed if: no pieces between, neither king nor that rook has moved, king not in check, and king does not pass through or land in check.
• En passant: If an enemy pawn advances 2 and lands beside your pawn, you may capture it as if it moved 1, on your very next move.
• Promotion: A pawn reaching the last rank becomes a queen, rook, bishop, or knight (usually queen).

5) Check, Checkmate, Stalemate

• Check: Your king is attacked. You must escape by moving the king, blocking, or capturing the attacker.
• Checkmate: In check and no legal escape → game over, attacker wins.
• Stalemate: No legal move and not in check → draw.

6) Other Draws

• Insufficient material (e.g., lone kings).
• Threefold repetition (same position three times with same side to move and rights).
• Fifty-move rule (50 moves each without pawn move or capture).
• Mutual agreement.

7) Turn Structure

• White moves first. Players alternate one legal move at a time.

8) Quick Tips

• Control the center with pawns and pieces.
• Develop minor pieces (knights/bishops) early; castle your king.
• Avoid moving the same piece repeatedly in the opening without reason.
• Do not leave pieces unprotected; think about checks, captures, and threats each move.